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Based on the finite element simulation and orthogonal experimental method of cold heading steel ball bearing technology and die optimization


1 shows the test 9,13,14,16 filling billet steel ball situation, we can see the filling test the best in 16, rings with a small, very small, but the first pole area, the area reduction of more than volume, on the other hand but also conducive to the removal of burrs, test and test 16 of 14 similar filling, but after measuring, the ball blank from the pole to the center of the sphere and the band are slightly smaller than the radius of the cold heading process requirements after the ball blanks radius, and the process requires a certain gap. Test 9 has not filled band and the pole are not formed. The test 13 margin too, both caused by the waste material, but also makes the mold by the force is too large, make the life of the die down. Pressure in upsetting the end of the ball blank produce a very shallow band region, the polar area of the pole was not formed, and the band and the polar area, the strain is relatively low. Table 2 shows the combination of the simulation results,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including the moderate mold by the force, and process requirements of good size match ball blanks, these show trials to obtain 16 is the optimal orthogonal experimental combination. A ■ bcd Figure 1l Comparison of cold heading steel ball a) test 9; b) test 13; c) test 14; d) test 16Fig. 11Comparisonofformingresultsofsteelballbillets3 Conclusion In this paper, plastic finite element model of the steel ball bearing ball blanks to simulate the cold heading process, combined with orthogonal test method process and die investigated various parameters on the process of the ball blank formed to study the forming mechanism and the ball blank evaluation of the results of orthogonal test, and ultimately won the optimal process plan and the following conclusions: 1) The relative ratio of the simulation results and in-kind shows that the simulation results are accurate and physical access to a consistent size and morphology. 2) For the conical ball blanks, using reasonable cold heading process and die design, the ball is the first blank forming process can form a ring with the formation of polarization and then, so you can get a reasonable non-banded mold design billet. 3) after the end of the cold heading blanks will have the ball rebound, rebound process, the overall outward expansion of the ball first, followed by pole and the ring is still out with a flow of material around, and between the pole and the ring material with spherical ball is within the normal flow. Rebound, the ball the ball there is a large blank surface residual stress. 4) Cold heading load ~ curve can be divided into two different linear combinations of the slope, inflection point blank in the ring with the ball, and the initial stage, with the increasing size of the area zoning, die by the force of the surge. 5) The cold heading process of billet steel ball ball all factors,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the impact on the strength of the mold by the force of the order of D. , L, L, R, F, R, d, the billet diameter, the force of the maximum stress mold; R + R for forming effect of the strength of the order of L, L, D. , F, R, 3 Zhang Jian Han et al: Finite element simulation and orthogonal experimental method of cold heading steel ball bearings and die optimization process 217 (Continued from page 210) in the control structure based on the concept of using the prototype system Holon technology research, the current in this field still remain at a preliminary stage. The ongoing research focuses on the Holon Framework in distributed manufacturing systems, the scope of the study also includes artificial intelligence to facilitate decision-making get together, to improve the control system adaptive ability. References [1] Tang Renzhong, Di Ruikun. Holon and its application in the manufacturing field [J]. Systems Engineering Theory and Practice,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 1999.12 (6): 39 ~ 42DilipKotak, MartinFleetwood, Hiroshimoto. Agen> basedholonicdesignandoperationsenvironmentfordistributedmanufacturing. ComputersinIndustry, 2003. (56) :95-108PauloLeitao, FranciscoRestivo. ADAC0R: Aholonicarchitectureforagileandadaptivemanufacturingcon-trol ~ J]. ComputersinIndustry, 2006. (7) :121-130 Liu Hongtao. Holon-based mechanism of production planning and scheduling systems and implementation of [M3. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2004 Chang Jianfeng, bell about first,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], like the East Han. Automotive stamping virtual environment dynamic scheduling of vehicles Q [n Plasticity Engineering, 2004.11 (6) :54-57]]]] 2345 [[[[
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