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ller units for examination. But however small the units it takes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we feel that to take any unit disconnected from others, or to assume a beginning of any phenomenon, or to say that the will of many men is expressed by the actions of any one historic personage, is in itself false.　　It needs no critical exertion to reduce utterly to dust any deductions drawn from history. It is merely necessary to select some larger or smaller unit as the subject of observation- as criticism has every right to do, seeing that whatever unit history observes must always be arbitrarily selected.　　Only by taking infinitesimally small units for observation (the differential of history, that is, the individual tendencies of men) and attaining to the art of integrating them (that is,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], finding the sum of these infinitesimals) can we hope to arrive at the laws of history.　　The first fifteen years of the nineteenth century in Europe present an extraordinary movement of millions of people. Men leave their customary pursuits, hasten from one side of Europe to the other, plunder and slaughter one another,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], triumph and are plunged in despair, and for some years the whole course of life is altered and presents an intensive movement which first increases and then slackens. What was the cause of this movement,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], by what laws was it governed? asks the mind of man.　　The historians, replying to this question, lay before us the sayings and doings of a few dozen men in a building in the city of Paris, calling th
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