www.melanexjou.fora.pl

[px231858]

Breast cancer in women in rural areas in Zhejiang Cixi case-control study of risk factors


Chinese papers League finishing. Key words Breast Cancer Risk Factors epidemiological case-control study of Zhejiang A Case-control Study on Risk Factors of Female Breast Cancer in Rural Area of ​​Cixi City, Zhejiang Province Abstract: [Purpose] To investigate the risk factors with female breast cancer in rural area of ​​East Zhejiang province for providing scientific base to breast cancer prevention. One hundred and one cases with female breast cancer and 1:1 matched controls were investigated with uniform questionnaires. Conditional logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. [Results] Conditional logistic multivariate analysis revealed that benign breast diseases and psychic trauma were major risk factors. Passive smoking and polluted water consumers were risk factors too. While green tea drinking and light labor works were protective factors. [Conclusion] The major risk factors with female breast cancer in rural area of ​​East Zhejiang Province were benign breast diseases and psychic trauma. Key words: breast neoplasms; risk factors, case-control study; epidemiology; Zhejiang breast cancer high in Europe and America and other developed countries [1]. Although part of the low incidence area of ​​breast cancer, but large cities and economically developed regions the incidence of female breast cancer is rising, the incidence of all malignant tumors of women has been ranked first or second place, and has become the most common female cancer death One [2]. The eastern coastal Zhejiang Province, Cixi City, county-level city, which is economically developed areas, 70 in the 20th century the city's survey of women in all-cause mortality in breast cancer mortality rates among the nation's high incidence of female breast cancer as well. Cixi more than 20 years of women experienced different forms of lifestyle changes, economic conditions, living environment and mental and reproductive growth have undergone considerable changes. To further explore the rural areas of eastern Zhejiang risk factors for breast cancer, this study used the method of case-control study of breast cancer risk factors to the etiology of female breast cancer research and to establish effective preventive measures to provide evidence. 1 Materials and methods 1.1 study This study is population-based case control study, the use of Cixi City MCH is responsible for the city, town and village levels to master women's preventive health care networks of female breast cancer cases. Were all permanent residents of Cixi City, more than 20 years living in the local, from March 1990 to 1998 period Cixi 8 People's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Centre Cixi and Ningbo, Hangzhou and other major hospitals in primary breast cancer diagnosed A total of 101 cases of patients. Control for the case of neighbors, using a 1:1 ratio, ratio of conditions of the same sex, age difference 4 years of age, in the same village or a community health residents with the selected. 1.2 research socio-economic status and demographic characteristics: age, marital status, education level, occupation, height and weight, family income, working and living environment. life behaviors: smoking, drinking, drinking, drinking water, diet and nutrition, physical exercise and psychological conditions. female physiology and reproductive factors: age of menarche and menopause, menstrual cycle, fertility, lactation, contraception,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], contraceptives, reproductive surgery and so on. genetic biological factors: family history of cancer, previous history of disease, breast disease history. 1.3 data collection and quality control by the Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Cixi City, prevention and health care as a medical staff of investigators, investigators are specially trained. Before a formal investigation conducted pre-survey. Investigators developed a unified survey form for each case and control face to face investigation. 1.4 Statistical Analysis using the approximate relative risk estimates of odds ratio (OR) estimates of various risk factors and breast cancer connection strength. All data analysis using statistical software SAS6.12 first to α = 0.10 level of single-factor conditional Logistic regression analysis, univariate analysis and then screened to remove variables that meaningful multicollinearity among factors include the effect of Multivariate Logistic regression analysis model. 2 results 2.1 Univariate analysis working and living environment and breast cancer in Table 1. The workers and staff of professional, occupational exposure to pesticides, benzene and formaldehyde, ether and other chemical substances, occupational exposure to harmful substances of the time, living in the vicinity of chemicals, plastics, printing and dyeing, textile, metallurgy, coking and other enterprises, living in the vicinity of 10 of these enterprises years, drinking pond water, lake water, river water, shallow water, Gully water and rain water, the use of firewood as fuel is a risk factor for breast cancer. Using liquefied petroleum gas as fuel, kitchen hood was used off the protective factors of breast cancer. menstrual, reproductive factors and breast cancer in Table 2. Can be seen from Table 2, early age at menopause, breast-feeding for a long time, contraception, daily walking distance, in the light manual labor such as protective factors; suffering from fibroids and other benign breast disease, breast X-ray fluoroscopy and radiography, have received the uterus, ovaries , breast, colon surgery, and trauma caused by reasons such as loss of loved ones, family and work are not, and frustrated as the risk factors for breast cancer. tea, tobacco habits and breast cancer in Table 3. When passive smoking indoor smoke, passive smoking for 10 years, the number of passive smoking 20 cigarettes a day is greater than the risk factors for breast cancer. Drink green tea, start drinking younger than 25 years old when, more than 20 years, compared with tea time the protective factors of breast cancer. univariate analysis: fresh green beans and other legumes, tofu, soy milk and other soy products; fresh vegetables (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, leeks, radish, tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, green pepper, etc. ), fresh fruits (apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, etc.) are the protective factors of breast cancer; and consumption of rice, 25 pounds or more per month, more than 2 pounds of peanut compared with breast cancer risk factors. 2.2 Multivariate analysis multivariate analysis of the results shown in Table 4, the Eastern Zhejiang rural women are the main risk factors for breast cancer: breast hyperplasia, fibroadenoma and other benign diseases, mental trauma, drinking water, shallow water and Gully, passive smoking, etc.; and drink green tea every day for a long time engaged in light work, and more bananas, appliances contraception was a protective factor for breast cancer. 3 Discussion 3.1 breast cancer and benign breast disease, mental state This study shows that breast cancer benign breast disease The main risk factors, breast hyperplasia, breast fibroadenoma have entered the regression model, relative risk of 14.47 and 19.04. Results and Wuhan, Beijing and other places to carry out a similar number of studies [3,4]. Prospective cohort study shows that breast cancer can be transformed into fibrous tumor, and easy development of benign breast ductal carcinoma. Mental state is closely related with the various types of tumors. Negative life events, such as marriage and family problems, family illness or death, personal learning and work issues can lead to severe mental trauma, caused by long-term worry, grief, anxiety, easily lead to cancer. In this study, univariate analysis because of trauma work, such as family discord and frustration, deprivation, OR = 7.02 and 4.00, respectively, in the multivariate analysis of the trauma into the regression model, OR value reached 13.53. The results also and the results of these cities [3,4] similar. Negative life events can lead to mental trauma caused by psychological stress, can alter immune function and cause endocrine disorders. Decreased immune function and favor tumor growth, endocrine disorders caused by hormonal changes may also cause breast cancer is one of the reasons. 3.2 smoking habits and breast cancer tea home and abroad have reported on passive smoking and breast cancer [5]. In this study, univariate analysis showed that: when the indoor smoke passive smoking, passive smoking for a long time, smoking a large quantity are risk factors for breast cancer. Passive smoking in the multivariate analysis into the multivariate regression model, OR was 2.25, reached moderate intensity. Smoke in 3500 chemicals, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines and other carcinogens. Passive smokers as a side stream smoke inhaled, due to less air flow through the side, incomplete combustion and lower temperature for the thermal synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it is passive smokers inhale smoke more mainstream side stream smoke contains more carcinogens. On the other hand smoking metabolites may also directly damage mammary epithelial cells. Univariate analysis also showed that drinking green tea, started drinking when young, continued drinking for a long time are the protective factors of breast cancer. In multivariate analysis, drinking green tea also entered the multiple regression model, OR is 0.076. The results with the Shanghai case-control study of breast cancer [6] match. Zhejiang mainly women drinking green tea, green tea polyphenols in four kinds, which form epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) accounts for about half of green tea polyphenols, tea has reduced animal experiments showed that induced mammary gland chemical inducer, lung, esophagus, liver, intestine cancer risk role.